The Power of Habit: Why We Do What We Do in Life and Business Paperback – January 7, 2014

Habits are things that can raise us up to the pinnacle of heaven or plunge us to the depths of misery. The author examines the habit loop and gives a thorough analysis of how it impacts our life and how we can use this influence to make positive changes. Thorough research was done in the writing of this book. Companies like Starbucks, Febreze, Pepsodent and and Alcoa were looked at as models of success and how the habit loop works. They also make for very entertaining reading on what might be a very dry subject.The part of the brain responsible for habits is the basal ganglia, not memory. The habit loop itself is a circular model that starts with a cue,then proceeds with a routine and then finishes with a reward. To create positive habits and /or eradicate new habits one must tweak the elements of the habit loop. The most effective habit changes involve modifying the routine part of the habit loop. In a sense you are already modifying a current habit. So to start a new habit you need to get in a new routine. Before the advent of Pepsodent, people really did not brush their teeth. Yeah that meant bad breath and a film over your teeth. Gross and yuck and yeah the nation suffered from poor hygiene. To sell toothpaste though you needed a new habit and yeah this one caught on. The reward part was manipulated here and thee reward was white teeth (which could be obtained by eating an apple) and that sharps sparkling taste in your mouth when you are done. The lather in shampoo serves the same function. Febreze used it as well. It was discovered on accident in a lab. It did such a great job killing odors that once you used it you put it in the closet and forgot about it. Not great for sales so you tweak the reward. After a good cleaning people liked a heavily perfumed spray just to finish things off. The company modified the formula.But sometimes changing the routine is not enough. In alcoholics anonymous which is a spiritual program they work with two or three things. One is the inventory which helps you identify the cues that make you want to drink. The second part is belief, you have to believe that things can get better . That is where the belief in a higher power comes in. Another example of belief playing a role was the team called the Bucs, a losing football team. The coach came in and taught them to memorize a few key plays by wrote. They drilled these routines to death until they knew them cold. They were successful all the way until the finals and then they started slipping up. They did not win the super bowl and the coach ended up transferring to another team he repeated the same process but with the new team something changed. The change was a a death in the coaches family of his son. It forced the team to pull together and believe. They won the super bowl. Belief and a support group.Starbucks has one of the best training programs hands down and they treat their employees right. The training not only gives them great work skills some of which can be used for college credit but they also give you life skills. One worker could not even hold down a job. He was the product of a broken family and his inner anger lead to temper flare ups at work among other things. Starbucks had something called a notebook where you write up a problem that arises then you write down your solution to the problem and then you practice it. This guy ended up getting a position in management. Bravo Starbucks. The book also analyzes how Howard Schultz bought the company and built it up to what it is today.A new CEO steps up at Alcoa. He totally shocks everyone by telling them he is going to focus on safety. A real turn off because people really care about money not worker safety. The CEO sets up a communication system that allows for employees to communicate with their supervisors and even the CEO himself. It also calls for interdepartmental communication. They end up with a near perfect safety record and they also boost productivity and stock values soar. This shows the power of changing key habits to change the over all scene.An analysis of how markets work is included by showcasing how Target Dept. Stores use computer to track consumer spending habits so they could determine which coupon they should send to you. They were so accurate that it creeped out the customer. Solution make it appear more random, so instead of sending a pregnant woman a bunch of ads for diapers and baby products they would mix it up with ads and coupons for a lawn mower. Make everything regular and familiar. Of course they use this to sell you stuff you will want in the future even before you know you'll want it. Familiarity and regularizes also help hit songs become successful.The last two chapters focus on societal habits by examining the growth of the Saddle Back Church and the Montgomery bus strike involving Rosa Parks. This first chapter puts the leadership not in the hand of one person but in the hands of the people and it works. The Saddle back Church focuses on small weekday study groups that meet in people's homes with or without the pastor. In the Montgomery Bus strike it showed the power of Personal Connections and also what is called weak links or what I call loose associations. We know it as peer pressure to invoke change.Finally there is the trick Casinos use.They reward you with all sorts of bonuses to get you to come to their casino. The flush of winning, free travel feel good. You also end up gambling away your life savings. Are you free to stop are you compelled to keep gambling. The story is contrasted to night terrors and sleep walking. Habit happen unconsiously when we sleep. fortunately for most our brain paralyzes us so we cannot move but for other they at function does not works. The subconscious is free to cause you to sleep walk, act out in violent fear. Force of habit.

Charles Duhigg created a great book. A book that places a framework or foundation as to how our mind works within a part of our behavior: habits. Each chapter within the book brings new features of the elements of how habits works.Chapter 1: Addresses the nature of how habits work if they were not able to be changed by illustrating a patient that cannot change its own habits due to some mental malfunction. This chapter is basically an appetizer for people to get more interested in the nature of how habit works, but for the hardcore minded, it also addresses a lot of philosophical questions about the nature of habits.Chapter 2: Illustrates that habits cannot be created without a reward within. Most of the habits in here illustrate of concrete nature which most the average individual is only used to. It is definitely missing abstract rewards, such as the nature of understanding and piecing things together (i.e. using this book as a framework to replace bad habits to good habits), a craving scientists quench all day to get that dopamine rush. Abstract rewards gets covered much better within the book "the structure of scientific revolutions" by Thomas Kuhn.Chapter 3: Discusses the topic of substituting habits that can achieve the same reward. It also discusses that overwhelming emotions can overwhelm habits to act on our cues and requires very strong faith to not become influenced by it. This correlates much with chapter 8, which discusses external ties, which represent Maslow's lower version of esteem. Instead, we should replace with a higher version of self esteem, which represents foundations independent of social ties. In contrast, what we see here is a fight between two overwhelming emotions, one with the the crowd in the stadium and the event importance, another with the bad news of the coach, the latter being more overwhelming, making the Colts win the game. If there is no foundations, then whatever strongly overwhelms us can aid or fight against our own habits.Chapter 4: Here shows that acknowledging an implicit habit and transforming it to an explicit habit results other habits that are associated with to also change itself as well too. It seems when we see habits explicitly, in an empirical form, the more we are aware to differentiate and classify the difference between old and new habits.Chapter 5: This Chapter talks how creating a plan for a new habit to replace an old habit makes it more likely we will act on the new habit.Chapter 6: When failure shows that we have to replace an old habit with a new habit, this gives us the ability to either use the solutions discussed on Chapter 5 or instead just ignore and live with our old habits. The book Black Box Thinking by Matthew Syed dedicates the whole topic on this chapter alone. So if you are interested, I recommend to read that book.Chapter 7: All previous chapters discussed how to change an old habit with a new habit "from our own self". What happens if we "influence someone else" to change a habit? Then doing it in a straightforward way will create emotional pain. When we do something that is not relevant, not a habit to our self, we don't "expect a reward" when we see the cue. In contrast, we see the reward immedietly when the actual reward emerges. Habits in contrast expect a specific reward from the start of the cue, it expects a consistent input. Habits can be engulfed through our beliefs and values. For that reason in this use case, we try to not emerge the cue with inconsistent input, such as violating privacy laws, as that will create emotional pain.Chapter 8: This book really feels that it talks about Maslow's Self Esteem between low motives which are tied with low ties and high motives which are tied with foundations that make you independent of low ties, such as reading this book's framework and using it to fix existing habits instead having a psychotherapist to always depend for fixing them for you. Low ties are illustrated here with friends of friends. But there is another way to create low ties: clothes. The book "Mind what you wear" by Professor Karen J Pine details it.Chapter 9: Using reference of chapter 8, we see that we have a choice whether we should submit to low ties created by the manipulation of our habits by the use of marketing made by companies or become independent by using foundations such as this book in order to not succumb upon them. This Chapter's story alone is just worth for every marketer to read. It touches the topics of ethics, how so many companies are tunnel visioned on creating a less social responsible world.I think these concepts are hard to understand without reading the examples within the book. It is a great read and it will influence your life dramatically, trust me. I just have to give all my gratitude to Charles Duhigg creating a comprehensive book which successfully became one of the top best seller books. That means if I want to talk someone about the brain, if chances they have read this book, then I can use that as reference to discuss other topics that they are unfamiliar with something they are familiar with.